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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turtle (Syntax)</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox float-right toptextcells hintergrundfarbe1" id="vorlage-infobox-dateiformat" summary="Infobox Dateiformat" style="width:23em; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border:solid 1px #BBBBBB; font-size: 90%; padding:2px;">
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<th colspan="2">Terse RDF Triple Language
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<td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Dateinamenserweiterung" title="Dateinamenserweiterung">Dateiendung</a>:
</td>
<td><code style="margin:0.2em 0; padding:0;">.ttl</code>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Internet_Media_Type" title="Internet Media Type">MIME-Type</a>:
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<td><code style="margin:0.2em 0; padding:0;">text/turtle</code>
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<td style="white-space: nowrap;">Entwickelt von:
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dajobe.org/">Dave Beckett</a>
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<td style="white-space: nowrap;">Art:
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<td><a href="Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a>
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<td style="white-space: nowrap;">Container für:
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<td><a href="Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF data</a>
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<td style="white-space: nowrap;">Erweitert von:
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<td>N-Triples
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<td style="white-space: nowrap;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Standard" title="Standard">Standard(s)</a>:
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<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">Specification</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-turtle-20140225/">www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-turtle-20140225/</a>
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<p>
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<p><b>Turtle</b> (<i>Terse RDF Triple Language</i>) ist in der Informatik eine <a href="Serialisierung" title="Serialisierung">Serialisierung</a> für <a href="Graph_(Graphentheorie)" title="Graph (Graphentheorie)">Graphen</a> im <a href="Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> (RDF). Sie wurde von Dave Beckett entwickelt. Sie ist eine Teilmenge des von <a href="Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> und Dan Connollys entworfenen <a href="Notation_3_(Informatik)" title="Notation 3 (Informatik)">Notation 3</a> (N3) und schließt das minimale N-Triples-Format mit ein. Anders als N3 überschreitet Turtle nicht das Graphenmodell von RDF.
</p><p><a href="SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a> verwendet eine Teilmenge von N3, die in Bezug auf die Graphenmuster Turtle ähnelt, aber zusätzlich auch die Klammersyntax von N3 verwendet, um Teilgraphen abzugrenzen.
</p><p>Die RDF Working Group des <a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) hat Turtle am 9. August 2011 als ersten „Working draft“ (Arbeitsentwurf) angenommen,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> am 10. Juli 2012 folgte ein zweiter „Working draft“.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Am 25. Februar 2014 wurde Turtle zusammen mit RDF 1.1 als „RDF 1.1 Turtle“ als Empfehlung verabschiedet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Turtle ist unter <a href="Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic-Web</a>-Entwicklern verbreitet, weil es als benutzerfreundliche Alternative zu RDF/XML<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gilt. Ein nennenswerter Anteil von Werkzeugen für RDF verwendet Turtle zum <a href="Parser" title="Parser">Parsen</a> und Serialisieren (z. B. Redland, Sesame, <a href="Jena_(Framework)" title="Jena (Framework)">Jena</a> und RDFLib).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>
<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-turtle mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">@prefix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">rdf:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv"><http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span>
<span class="k">@prefix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">dc:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv"><http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span>
<span class="k">@prefix</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">ex:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv"><http://example.org/stuff/1.0/></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span>
<span class="nv"><http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar></span>
<span class="nn">dc</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">title</span> <span class="s">"RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)"</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nn">ex</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">editor</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nn">ex</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">fullname</span> <span class="s">"Dave Beckett"</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nn">ex</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">homePage</span> <span class="nv"><http://purl.org/net/dajobe/></span>
<span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">.</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Das Beispiel beschreibt einen RDF-Graph, der aus vier Tripeln mit folgenden Aussagen besteht:
</p>
<ul><li>Der Technische Bericht des W3C über die RDF-Syntax hat den Titel <i>RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)</i>.</li>
<li>Der Herausgeber dieses Berichts ist jemand
<ul><li>mit dem Namen <i>Dave Beckett</i> und</li>
<li>mit einer Homepage unter der Adresse <i>http://purl.org/net/dajobe/</i>.</li></ul></li></ul>
<p>Das Turtle-Beispiel ist auch gültiges Notation3.
</p><p>Der <a href="Internet_Media_Type" title="Internet Media Type">MIME-Type</a> von Turtle ist <code>text/turtle</code>. Die Zeichenkodierung eines Turtle-Dokuments ist <a href="UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/">Turtle Specification</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-turtle-20110809/"><i>Turtle – Terse RDF Triple Language.</i></a> <a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C), 9. August 2011,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 6. März 2014</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ATurtle+%28Syntax%29&rft.title=Turtle+%E2%80%93+Terse+RDF+Triple+Language&rft.description=Turtle+%E2%80%93+Terse+RDF+Triple+Language&rft.identifier=&rft.publisher=%5B%5BWorld+Wide+Web+Consortium%5D%5D+%28W3C%29&rft.date=2011-08-09"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-turtle-20120710/"><i>Turtle – Terse RDF Triple Language.</i></a> <a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C), 10. Juli 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 6. März 2014</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ATurtle+%28Syntax%29&rft.title=Turtle+%E2%80%93+Terse+RDF+Triple+Language&rft.description=Turtle+%E2%80%93+Terse+RDF+Triple+Language&rft.identifier=&rft.publisher=%5B%5BWorld+Wide+Web+Consortium%5D%5D+%28W3C%29&rft.date=2012-07-10"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-turtle-20140225/"><i>RDF 1.1 Turtle – Terse RDF Triple Language.</i></a> <a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C), 25. Februar 2014,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 6. März 2014</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ATurtle+%28Syntax%29&rft.title=RDF+1.1+Turtle+%E2%80%93+Terse+RDF+Triple+Language&rft.description=RDF+1.1+Turtle+%E2%80%93+Terse+RDF+Triple+Language&rft.identifier=&rft.publisher=%5B%5BWorld+Wide+Web+Consortium%5D%5D+%28W3C%29&rft.date=2014-02-25"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/Overview.html"><i>RDF 1.1 XML Syntax.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. März 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ATurtle+%28Syntax%29&rft.title=RDF+1.1+XML+Syntax&rft.description=RDF+1.1+XML+Syntax&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Frdf-syntax-grammar%2FOverview.html"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/turtle"><i>MIME Media Types: text/turtle.</i></a> <a href="Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (IANA), 28. März 2011,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27. November 2011</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ATurtle+%28Syntax%29&rft.title=MIME+Media+Types%3A+text%2Fturtle&rft.description=MIME+Media+Types%3A+text%2Fturtle&rft.identifier=&rft.publisher=%5B%5BInternet+Assigned+Numbers+Authority%5D%5D+%28IANA%29&rft.date=2011-03-28"> </span></span>
</li>
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<p><a href="ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a> | <a href="Accessible_Rich_Internet_Applications" title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">ARIA</a> | <a href="Canonical_XML" title="Canonical XML">Canonical XML</a> | <a href="Compound_Document_Formats" title="Compound Document Formats">CDF</a> | <a href="Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a> | <a href="Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> | <a href="W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation API</a> | <a href="Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</a> | <a href="HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> | <a href="InkML" title="InkML">InkML</a> | <a href="Internationalization_Tag_Set" title="Internationalization Tag Set">ITS</a> | <a href="JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a> | <a href="Mathematical_Markup_Language" title="Mathematical Markup Language">MathML</a> | <a href="Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a> | <a href="Platform_for_Privacy_Preferences_Project" title="Platform for Privacy Preferences Project">P3P</a> | PLS | <a href="Portable_Network_Graphics" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> | <a href="Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> | <a href="RDF-Schema" title="RDF-Schema">RDF-Schema</a> | <a href="Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">RIF</a> | <a href="SCXML" title="SCXML">SCXML</a> | <a href="Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">SISR</a> | <a href="Simple_Knowledge_Organisation_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organisation System">SKOS</a> | <a href="Synchronized_Multimedia_Integration_Language" title="Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language">SMIL</a> | <a href="SOAP" title="SOAP">SOAP</a> | <a href="Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification" title="Speech Recognition Grammar Specification">SRGS</a> | <a href="Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">SSML</a> | <a href="Scalable_Vector_Graphics" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> | <a href="SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a> | <a href="Timed_Text" title="Timed Text">Timed Text</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turtle</a> | <a href="VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a> | <a href="Web_Services_Description_Language" title="Web Services Description Language">WSDL</a> | <a href="XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a> | <a href="Extensible_Hypertext_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Hypertext Markup Language">XHTML</a> | <a href="RDFa" title="RDFa">XHTML+RDFa</a> | <a href="XInclude" title="XInclude">XInclude</a> | <a href="XLink_(Syntax)" title="XLink (Syntax)">XLink</a> | <a href="Extensible_Markup_Language" title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</a> | <a href="XML_Base" title="XML Base">XML Base</a> | <a href="XML-Encryption" title="XML-Encryption">XML-Encryption</a> | <a href="XML_Events" title="XML Events">XML Events</a> | <a href="XML_Information_Set" title="XML Information Set">XML Information Set</a> | <a href="Namensraum_(XML)" title="Namensraum (XML)">XML Namespace</a> | <a href="XML_Schema" title="XML Schema">XML Schema</a> | <a href="XML_Signature" title="XML Signature">XML Signature</a> | <a href="XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> | <a href="XPointer" title="XPointer">XPointer</a> | <a href="XProc" title="XProc">XProc</a> | <a href="XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a> | <a href="Extensible_Stylesheet_Language" title="Extensible Stylesheet Language">XSL</a> | <a href="Extensible_Stylesheet_Language_%E2%80%93_Formatting_Objects" title="Extensible Stylesheet Language – Formatting Objects">XSL-FO</a> | <a href="XSL_Transformation" title="XSL Transformation">XSLT</a> <small>(Elemente)</small>
</p>
</td>
<td class="erw-nav-bild" style="width:0; padding:0 2px 0 0; border:1px solid transparent;" rowspan="5"><div class="noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Arbeitsentwürfe<br>und Kandidaten</b>
</td>
<td class="hlist" style="text-align: left;border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: 0 .25em;">
<p><a href="CCXML" title="CCXML">CCXML</a> | <a href="CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a> | <a href="SMIL_Timesheets" title="SMIL Timesheets">SMIL Timesheets</a> | <a href="SXBL" title="SXBL">sXBL</a> | WICD | <a href="XFrames" title="XFrames">XFrames</a> | <a href="XML_Binding_Language" title="XML Binding Language">XBL</a> | XHTML+MathML+SVG | <a href="XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Anmerkungen</b>
</td>
<td class="hlist" style="text-align: left;border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: 0 .25em;">
<p><a href="XAdES" title="XAdES">XAdES</a> | <a href="Extensible_Forms_Description_Language" title="Extensible Forms Description Language">XFDL</a> | <a href="XHTML%2BSMIL" title="XHTML+SMIL">XHTML+SMIL</a> | <a href="Extensible_User_Interface_Protocol" title="Extensible User Interface Protocol">XUP</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Richtlinien</b>
</td>
<td class="hlist" style="text-align: left;border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: 0 .25em;">
<p><a href="Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a> | Multimodal Interaction Activity | <a href="W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Markup Validation Service</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="erw-nav-gruppe" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: right;border: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid #FFF;border-bottom: 2px solid #FFF;padding: 0 1em;"><b>Initiativen</b>
</td>
<td class="hlist" style="text-align: left;border-left: 2px solid #fdfdfd;width: 100%;margin: .4em 0;border-color: #fdfdfd;padding: 0 .25em;">
<p><a href="Web_Accessibility_Initiative" title="Web Accessibility Initiative">Web Accessibility Initiative</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
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